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IELTS Government Vocabulary - Beginners

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Created 5 months ago
policy
[noun]
/ˈpɒl.ə.si/
Definition

An official plan or set of ideas used by a government or organization.

Examples
  • Effective health policy must be grounded in scientific evidence and developed in consultation with medical professionals.
  • Government policy on nutrition labelling has helped consumers make more informed choices about the food they buy.
Related Expressions
  • health policy
  • public health policy
  • government policy
  • policy on healthcare
  • public policy
  • economic policy

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  • policy
    An official plan or set of ideas used by a government or organization.
    Examples
    • Effective health policy must be grounded in scientific evidence and developed in consultation with medical professionals.
    • Government policy on nutrition labelling has helped consumers make more informed choices about the food they buy.
    Related Expressions
    • health policy
    • public health policy
    • government policy
    • policy on healthcare
    • public policy
    • economic policy
  • law
    A rule made by a government that people must obey.
    Examples
    • Everyone is expected to obey the law regardless of their background.
    • New laws were introduced to tackle the rising problem of cybercrime.
    Related Expressions
    • break the law
    • obey the law
    • law enforcement
    • rule of law
    • pass a law
    • the rule of law
  • budget
    The amount of money available for a government, organization, or person to spend.
    Examples
    • They planned the entire trip on a tight budget.
    • Budget airlines have made flying accessible to more people.
    Related Expressions
    • travel on a budget
    • budget airline
    • budget accommodation
    • set a budget
    • annual budget
    • budget cut
  • domestic
    Related to a country's own internal affairs rather than foreign matters.
    Examples
    • Domestic tourism surged during the pandemic when international travel was restricted.
    • Governments promoted domestic travel to support local economies during border closures.
    Related Expressions
    • domestic tourism
    • domestic travel
    • domestic tourist
    • domestic market
    • domestic policy
    • domestic issue
  • government
    The group of people who officially control and manage a country or state.
    Examples
    • The government announced a new plan to improve public transport.
    • Many people expect the government to spend more on healthcare.
    Related Expressions
    • local government
    • central government
    • government policy
    • government spending
  • election
    An occasion when people vote to choose a leader or government.
    Examples
    • The election will take place next month.
    • Young voters are often very interested in election results.
    Related Expressions
    • general election
    • local election
    • election campaign
    • election result
  • public
    Connected with ordinary people in society or with services provided by the state.
    Examples
    • The city needs better public services.
    • Public opinion can influence government decisions.
    Related Expressions
    • public service
    • public opinion
    • public transport
    • public money
  • right
    Something that people are legally or morally allowed to have or do.
    Examples
    • Everyone should have the right to basic education.
    • Freedom of speech is an important human right.
    Related Expressions
    • human rights
    • legal right
    • basic rights
    • equal rights
  • state
    A country considered as a political organization, or a government and its institutions.
    Examples
    • The state should provide basic protection for vulnerable citizens.
    • Some people believe the state should play a limited role in the economy.
    Related Expressions
    • the state
    • state control
    • state power
    • state institution
  • campaign
    A planned series of activities intended to achieve a political or social goal, especially during an election.
    Examples
    • The campaign focused on jobs, inflation, and healthcare.
    • Online advertising has become a major part of modern political campaigns.
    Related Expressions
    • election campaign
    • political campaign
    • campaign promise
    • campaign strategy
  • citizen
    A person who legally belongs to a country and has rights and responsibilities there.
    Examples
    • Every citizen should have access to clean water and healthcare.
    • The policy was designed to improve the daily lives of ordinary citizens.
    Related Expressions
    • ordinary citizen
    • responsible citizen
    • citizen rights
    • citizen participation
  • debate
    A serious discussion in which people express different opinions on a subject.
    Examples
    • There is ongoing debate about whether university education should be free.
    • The policy caused a public debate across the country.
    Related Expressions
    • public debate
    • political debate
    • spark debate
    • open debate
  • democracy
    A system of government in which people choose their leaders by voting.
    Examples
    • A healthy democracy depends on free and fair elections.
    • Social media can both support and weaken democracy.
    Related Expressions
    • liberal democracy
    • democratic system
    • democratic values
    • protect democracy
  • justice
    Fair treatment according to the law, or the legal system itself.
    Examples
    • Victims often wait years for justice.
    • A good legal system should provide equal justice for everyone.
    Related Expressions
    • social justice
    • criminal justice
    • seek justice
    • justice system
  • parliament
    The group of elected people who make laws in some countries.
    Examples
    • The bill was discussed in parliament for several hours.
    • Public pressure can influence decisions made in parliament.
    Related Expressions
    • member of parliament
    • parliamentary debate
    • parliament session
    • dissolve parliament
  • political
    Connected with government, politics, or public affairs.
    Examples
    • Young people are becoming more politically aware.
    • The issue quickly turned into a major political problem.
    Related Expressions
    • political party
    • political system
    • political issue
    • political pressure
  • reform
    A change made to improve a law, system, or organization.
    Examples
    • Education reform is needed in many developing countries.
    • The report called for major reform of the tax system.
    Related Expressions
    • economic reform
    • legal reform
    • political reform
    • reform agenda
  • tax
    Money that people or businesses must pay to the government.
    Examples
    • Higher taxes can help fund public healthcare and education.
    • Some people believe rich citizens should pay more tax.
    Related Expressions
    • income tax
    • pay tax
    • tax revenue
    • tax system
  • welfare
    Government support intended to help people who are poor, unemployed, or in need.
    Examples
    • Welfare programs can reduce poverty and inequality.
    • Some argue that welfare spending should focus on children and older people.
    Related Expressions
    • welfare system
    • welfare benefits
    • social welfare
    • welfare spending
  • ballot
    A system or paper used for voting in an election.
    Examples
    • Millions of people cast their ballots in the national election.
    • Voting by ballot helps protect privacy.
    Related Expressions
    • secret ballot
    • ballot paper
    • cast a ballot
    • ballot box
  • bureaucracy
    A system of government or administration with many official rules and processes.
    Examples
    • Too much bureaucracy can delay public projects.
    • Small businesses often struggle with unnecessary bureaucracy.
    Related Expressions
    • government bureaucracy
    • bureaucratic system
    • reduce bureaucracy
    • administrative bureaucracy
  • corruption
    Dishonest or illegal behavior by people in power, especially for personal gain.
    Examples
    • Corruption can weaken public trust in institutions.
    • The government promised to take stronger action against corruption.
    Related Expressions
    • political corruption
    • fight corruption
    • widespread corruption
    • corruption scandal
  • delegate
    To give authority or responsibility to another person or group.
    Examples
    • Central governments sometimes delegate power to local authorities.
    • The minister delegated responsibility for the project to a regional office.
    Related Expressions
    • delegate authority
    • delegate power
    • delegate responsibility
    • delegated role
  • governance
    The way a country, organization, or institution is governed and managed.
    Examples
    • Good governance depends on transparency and accountability.
    • Weak governance can slow economic and social development.
    Related Expressions
    • good governance
    • public governance
    • democratic governance
    • governance structure
  • compliance
    The act of obeying a law, rule, or official request.
    Examples
    • Strict compliance with environmental law is necessary to reduce pollution.
    • The agency checks whether companies are in compliance with safety standards.
    Related Expressions
    • legal compliance
    • regulatory compliance
    • in compliance with
    • compliance standards
  • cabinet
    The group of senior ministers who advise the head of government and make important decisions.
    Examples
    • The cabinet met to discuss the economic crisis.
    • Several cabinet members opposed the proposed reform.
    Related Expressions
    • cabinet minister
    • cabinet meeting
    • cabinet decision
    • reshuffle the cabinet
  • censorship
    Official control that limits what people can publish, say, or watch.
    Examples
    • Internet censorship is a controversial issue in some countries.
    • Many people argue that censorship threatens freedom of expression.
    Related Expressions
    • media censorship
    • government censorship
    • strict censorship
    • censorship laws
  • diplomatic
    Related to relations between governments and countries.
    Examples
    • The dispute was handled through diplomatic channels.
    • Diplomatic relations between the two countries have improved.
    Related Expressions
    • diplomatic relations
    • diplomatic solution
    • diplomatic mission
    • diplomatic pressure
  • electoral
    Related to elections or the process of voting.
    Examples
    • Electoral reform can improve the fairness of elections.
    • The country is considering changes to its electoral system.
    Related Expressions
    • electoral system
    • electoral reform
    • electoral process
    • electoral law
  • municipal
    Related to a city, town, or local government.
    Examples
    • Municipal authorities are responsible for waste collection.
    • The city plans to increase municipal spending on transport.
    Related Expressions
    • municipal government
    • municipal services
    • municipal authority
    • municipal budget